美国商务部近日对华芯片管制政策进行了重大修订，更新了长达160多页的出口管制条款，旨在“纠正错误并明确条款”。这一修订将于4月4日正式生效。据报导，新规定中，中国澳门地区和D:5组地区将面临更为严格的“推定拒绝”政策，意味着这些地区的芯片相关进口可能会受到更大限制。
在制造设备方面，更新内容强化了对极紫外光刻机（EUV）掩膜和刻蚀机等关键设备的管控。值得一提的是，之前引发热议的RTX4090显卡禁售问题在新条款中得到调整，其出口限制有所放宽。同时，AI芯片的许可证申请和例外情况的适用范围也得到了重新界定。
此次修订还特别提及了光刻机和其他上下游设备的进口政策，意味着中国在获取最新芯片制造技术上将面临更多挑战。美国商务部的这一系列动作，无疑是对全球半导体供应链的一次重大调整，其影响将深远地波及到全球科技产业。
美国官方表示，这些改动是为了确保技术不会被用于与美国国家安全或外交政策利益相悖的目的。然而，这一修订可能加剧全球科技领域的紧张局势，特别是中美之间的技术竞争。随着新规定的落地，全球芯片行业的格局和国际合作模式或将面临新的重塑。
英语如下：
News Title: “US Chip Controls Tighten: New Lithography Machines Restricted, RTX 4090 Ban Eased, Impacting Macau and Global Markets”
Keywords: Chip Controls, Lithography Machine Restrictions, RTX 4090 Relaxation
News Content: The US Department of Commerce recently made significant revisions to its China chip restriction policy, updating over 160 pages of export control provisions to “correct errors and clarify terms.” These revisions will take effect on April 4th. Reports indicate that under the new regulations, Macau and regions designated as D:5 will face stricter “presumption of denial” policies, potentially resulting in increased limitations on chip-related imports to these areas.
In manufacturing equipment, the updates strengthen controls on critical devices such as Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUV) masks and etching machines. Notably, the controversial ban on the RTX 4090 graphics card has been eased in the new provisions. Additionally, the licensing application and exception criteria for AI chips have been redefined.
The revisions also specifically address import policies for lithography machines and other upstream and downstream equipment, suggesting more challenges for China in accessing the latest chip-making technologies. These moves by the US Commerce Department represent a significant realignment of the global semiconductor supply chain, with far-reaching implications for the tech industry worldwide.
Officially, the US claims these changes are to ensure technology is not used for purposes that run counter to US national security or foreign policy interests. However, this revision could exacerbate tensions in the global tech sector, particularly in the ongoing tech rivalry between the US and China. With the implementation of the new rules, the landscape and collaborative models within the global chip industry may undergo a significant reshaping.
【来源】https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20240402A09O2G00
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