科学家们已经研发出了一种新策略，可以初步控制量子退相干，这是量子力学中一个重要的特性。利用提取的光谱密度，科学家可以了解退相干发生的速度，并确定化学环境的主要原因。这为科学家们设计具有特定量子相干特性的分子提供了可能。
目前，科学家们很难在实验环境下，量化这种光谱密度。而一项最新的研究利用简单的共振拉曼实验来提取溶剂中分子的光谱密度，从而可以捕捉化学环境的全部复杂性。该团队的研究为理解控制量子退相干的化学原理开辟了道路。
科学家们需要了解如何合理地修改分子的化学结构，以调节或减轻量子退相干。因此，了解光谱密度是非常重要的。该团队使用这种方法，展示了胸腺嘧啶中的电子叠加在吸收紫外光后，如何在 30 飞秒内分解。他们发现，分子中的一些振动主导了退相干过程的初始步骤，而溶剂主导了后期阶段。此外，他们发现对胸腺嘧啶进行化学修饰可以显著改变退相干速率。
这项研究为科学家们提供了一种新的方法，来控制量子退相干。虽然该研究还处于理论层面，但它为未来的实验研究提供了指导。
新闻翻译：
A new strategy has been developed by scientists to observe and初步 control quantum decoherence, an important quantum mechanical phenomenon. By extracting the spectral density of the light, scientists can understand the speed at which quantum decoherence occurs and determine the main reason for the chemical environment. This opens up the possibility for scientists to design molecules with specific quantum mechanical properties.
Currently, it is difficult for scientists to quantify this spectral density in experimental environments. However, a recent study using simple resonance Raman experiments to extract spectral densities of solvents in molecules has captured the full complexity of chemical environments. This study has shown the way to understand the chemistry of controlling quantum decoherence.
Scientists need to know how to modify the chemical structure of molecules to regulate or alleviate quantum decoherence. Therefore, understanding spectral density is essential. This team used this method to demonstrate the decomposition of electrons in thymine (T) at the absorption of ultraviolet light, which happens in just 30 picoseconds. They found that some vibrations in the molecule dominate the initial steps of the quantum decoherence process, while solvents dominate the later stage. Moreover, they found that chemical modifications to thymine can significantly affect the rate of quantum decoherence.
This study provides scientists with a new method to control quantum decoherence. Although the study is still at the theoretical level, it provides guidance for future experimental research.
【来源】https://www.ithome.com/0/742/521.htm
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