耐盐碱耐涝、固氮高产 “中科菁1号”高效实现盐碱地生物改良
中新网吉林白城8月24日电 (记者 孙自法) 如何通过先进的生物改良技术推动大片荒芜的盐碱地“变废为宝”，实现亿万亩盐碱荒地可持续发展和利用，进而保障粮食安全，这项议题长期以来广受关注。
中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所(遗传发育所)曹晓风院士团队与黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所和耕作栽培研究所等合作，通过持续科研攻关，在田菁驱动盐碱地生物改良土壤技术方面取得一系列重大进展。团队自主选育的耐盐碱高产田菁品系——“中科菁1号”具有耐盐碱、耐涝、固氮、高产等特性，在pH值(酸碱度)9以上的中国东北苏打盐碱地上示范应用效果显著。
8月23至24日，中国科学院遗传发育所在吉林省洮南市和中国科学院“黑土粮仓”科技会战主战场大安示范区的长岭试验田，分别现场举行田菁驱动的盐碱地改良与应用技术示范观摩会。
连续第二年在大安示范区开展“中科菁1号”百亩盐碱地块示范种植的实测结果显示，通过田菁一次还田降低土壤pH值0.5个单位，提升土壤有机质10%以上，第一茬刈割亩产新鲜饲草2.03吨/亩，真正实现了重度盐碱荒地的提质增效。
“中科菁1号”耐盐碱、耐涝性突出，配套研发的包衣剂、固氮菌剂、除草剂等丰产栽培技术，在pH值9以上的苏打盐碱地，可较好生长，具有晚熟、植株高大、分枝多、产草量高、蛋白含量高(现蕾期粗蛋白含量约20%)的特性，堪称新型高蛋白优质饲草的“潜力股”。
参与观摩和实测的专家组认为，“中科菁1号”田菁具有耐盐碱、高产等特性，围绕其构建的生物改良技术是支撑盐碱地绿色改良和高效利用的重要创新性突破成果，他们建议该成果在东北苏打盐碱地加大示范区域和加速审定推广。
中国科学院遗传发育所介绍，曹晓风团队近年来聚焦优质牧草选育和盐碱地改良利用，致力于开展耐逆牧草基础与应用研究，通过研发耐逆牧草驱动的生物改良与利用技术，以期实现盐碱地的绿色改良，将盐碱地对农作物生产的劣势变为发展牧草种植的优势，建立与土地资源环境承载力相匹配的生态农业新格局，为保障国家粮食安全作出积极贡献。
目前，中国有5亿亩左右的盐碱地，其中包括6000万亩最具粮食增产潜力的东北松嫩平原苏打盐碱地。该类型盐碱地障碍限制因子突出，土壤高pH值、理化性质恶劣，改良利用困难极大。针对这一问题，曹晓风团队同黑龙江省农业科学院合作，对800余份植物种质进行耐盐碱筛选，获得“中科菁1号”等一批优质耐盐碱田菁品种，为盐碱地改良利用提供了新的技术支撑。
专家表示， “中科菁1号”的成功选育和应用，为盐碱地改良利用提供了新的思路和方法，也为我国粮食安全提供了新的保障。未来，该技术将进一步推广应用，为实现盐碱地可持续发展和利用贡献力量。
英语如下：
Saline-alkali Land Transformed into Granary: “Zhongkejing No. 1” Ushers in a New Era of Biological Improvement
Keywords: Saline-alkali land, biological improvement, Zhongkejing No. 1
News Content:
Salt-tolerant, Flood-resistant, and Nitrogen-fixing: “Zhongkejing No. 1” Achieves Efficient Biological Improvement of Saline-alkali Land
Baicheng, Jilin, August 24 (Xinhua) How to transform vast tracts of barren saline-alkali land into valuable resources through advanced biological improvement technologies, achieving sustainable development and utilization of billions of acres of saline-alkali wasteland, and ultimately ensuring food security, has been a long-standing concern.
A team led by Academician Cao Xiaofeng from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB), Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the Grassland Research Institute and the Institute of Tillage and Cultivation of the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has made a series of significant breakthroughs in the field of Sesbania-driven biological improvement of saline-alkali soil through continuous scientific research. The team independently selected and bred a high-yielding, salt-tolerantSesbania variety – “Zhongkejing No. 1,” which exhibits salt tolerance, flood resistance, nitrogen fixation, and high yield. It has demonstrated remarkable results in pilot applications on soda saline-alkali land in Northeast China with a pH value exceeding 9.
From August 23 to 24, the IGDB held demonstration observation meetings for Sesbania-driven saline-alkali land improvement and application technologies at the Changling experimental field in Taoan City, Jilin Province, and the Da’an demonstration zone, the main battlefield of the “Black Soil Granary” scientific and technological campaign of theChinese Academy of Sciences.
Real-world measurements from the second consecutive year of “Zhongkejing No. 1” demonstration planting on a 100-acre saline-alkali land plot in the Da’an demonstration zone revealed that a single application of Sesbania residue reduced soil pH by 0.5 units and increased soil organic matter by over 10%. The first harvest yielded 2.03 tons of fresh forage per acre, truly achieving quality improvement and efficiency enhancement on severely saline-alkali wasteland.
“Zhongkejing No. 1” exhibits outstanding salt tolerance and flood resistance. Theaccompanying development of seed coating agents, nitrogen-fixing bacteria agents, and herbicides, along with high-yield cultivation techniques, enables it to thrive in soda saline-alkali land with a pH value exceeding 9. It possesses characteristics such as late maturity, tall plants, abundant branching, high forage yield, and high proteincontent (approximately 20% crude protein content during the budding stage), making it a promising candidate for high-protein, high-quality forage.
The expert group participating in the observation and measurements concluded that “Zhongkejing No. 1” Sesbania exhibits salt tolerance and high yield. The biological improvementtechnology developed around it represents a significant innovative breakthrough in supporting the green improvement and efficient utilization of saline-alkali land. They recommended that the technology be scaled up in demonstration areas in Northeast China’s soda saline-alkali land and expedited for approval and promotion.
The IGDB explained that in recent years, CaoXiaofeng’s team has focused on the selection and breeding of high-quality forage and the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land, dedicating itself to fundamental and applied research on stress-tolerant forage. By developing stress-tolerant forage-driven biological improvement and utilization technologies, the team aims to achieve greenimprovement of saline-alkali land, transforming the disadvantages of saline-alkali land for crop production into advantages for forage cultivation. The goal is to establish a new ecological agricultural pattern that aligns with the carrying capacity of land resources and the environment, contributing actively to ensuring national food security.
Currently, China has approximately500 million acres of saline-alkali land, including 60 million acres of soda saline-alkali land in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China, which holds the greatest potential for increasing grain production. This type of saline-alkali land presents significant challenges due to its high soil pH and poor physicochemical properties, making improvement and utilization extremely difficult. To address this issue, Cao Xiaofeng’s team collaborated with the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences to screen over 800 plant germplasms for salt tolerance, resulting in a series of high-quality, salt-tolerant Sesbania varieties, including “Zhongkejing No. 1,” providing new technological support for the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land.
Experts believe that the successful selection and application of “Zhongkejing No. 1” provide a new approach and method for the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land,as well as a new guarantee for China’s food security. In the future, this technology will be further promoted and applied, contributing to the realization of sustainable development and utilization of saline-alkali land.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/cj/2024/08-24/10274221.shtml
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